High Blood Pressure: What You Need to Know

High blood pressure, or hypertension, is a steady rise in the force of blood against artery walls. It often shows no symptoms, but over time it can damage the heart, kidneys, and brain. Knowing the basics helps you keep it under control.

Common Blood Pressure Medications

Doctors prescribe several drug classes to bring numbers down. ACE inhibitors (like lisinopril) relax blood vessels, while ARBs (such as candesartan, sold as Atacand) block a hormone that narrows vessels. Calcium‑channel blockers (amlodipine) stop calcium from tightening arteries, and diuretics (hydrochlorothiazide) help kidneys flush excess salt and water.

If you’re on a beta‑blocker and get side effects, alternatives like ACE inhibitors, ARBs, calcium‑channel blockers, or thiazide diuretics often work just as well. Talk with your doctor about switching if you feel tired, cold hands, or reduced exercise tolerance.

Some people need a combination of two drugs to hit target numbers (below 130/80 mmHg for most adults). Combination pills are convenient and cut down on pill count, which can improve adherence.

Everyday Lifestyle Changes

Medication works best when paired with lifestyle tweaks. Cut sodium to under 1,500 mg a day – that’s about a teaspoon of salt. Fresh veggies, fruits, and whole grains keep blood pressure steady.

Regular movement is a game‑changer. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate activity weekly – a brisk walk, cycling, or dancing counts. Even short 10‑minute walks add up.

Watch your weight. Losing just 5–10 % of body weight can drop systolic pressure by 5‑10 mmHg. Small changes, like swapping sugary drinks for water, add up fast.

Stress spikes the heart rate and blood pressure. Simple habits like deep breathing, meditation, or a hobby you enjoy can lower stress hormones and keep your numbers stable.

Limit alcohol to no more than two drinks a day for men and one for women. Excess alcohol raises pressure and adds extra calories.

Quit smoking if you smoke. Nicotine narrows blood vessels instantly, and quitting improves circulation within weeks.

Keep a home blood pressure monitor. Recording readings twice a day for a week gives your doctor a clear picture and helps you spot patterns.

If you notice your numbers climbing despite meds and lifestyle changes, reach out to your healthcare provider. They may adjust dosage, add a new drug, or check for underlying issues like sleep apnea.

Staying on top of high blood pressure is a daily habit, not a one‑time fix. With the right meds and simple daily choices, you can protect your heart and feel better every day.